While not an on-orbit capability, Russia has also developed an aircraft called the Beriev A-60, which detects and tracks satellites with the intent of aiming laser beams at them, according to the SWF report. “This is out of the ordinary for most satellites, which rarely maneuver in this way.” “Before firing the projectile in July 2020, the inspector satellite was constantly changing its orbit to synchronize with other Russian satellites,” the report states. and allied space assets at risk,” Raymond said at the time.ĬSIS notes in its report that Cosmos 2543 was very active after being released from its “mother satellite.” “This is further evidence of Russia’s continuing efforts to develop and test space-based systems, and consistent with the Kremlin’s published military doctrine to employ weapons that hold U.S. During the 2020 test, the smaller satellite fired a projectile near another Russian satellite. The test - which CSIS said in its report was more sophisticated than some previous ASAT demonstrations - involved a Cosmos 2542 satellite that contained a smaller Cosmos 2543 space vehicle inside of it. John Raymond has on multiple occasions referred to Russia’s July 2020 test of what he calls a “nesting doll” capability. Michael Guetlein, head of the Space Force’s acquisition command, said actions like the recent ASAT test reinforce Russia’s interest in denying space access to adversaries.Ĭhief of Space Operations Gen. “You can imagine they’re already doing GPS jamming, for example, and doing things against Ukraine.” Kinetic weaponsĪs for kinetic counterspace capabilities, Russia’s most recent demonstration of a direct-ascent anti-satellite (ASAT) weapon in November created an estimated 1,500 pieces of debris. “I think it’s fair to assume that to the extent that they can and to the extent that they feel it won’t extend the conflict out of their control, that they will extend it into space,” he said. Scolese said this week it’s likely Russia will employ jamming and spoofing capabilities to some extent – though he noted it’s not clear how far it will go. In its 2021 Space Threat Assessment, the Center for Strategic and International Studies noted that Russia’s arsenal of electronic counterspace capabilities include two radar jammers - Karushka-2 and Karushka-4 - which could interfere with radar reconnaissance satellites. Another system, Bylina-MM, is being designed to “suppress the on-board transponders” of some communication satellites. According to SWF, the system can reportedly performing uplink jamming on communication satellites. One such electronic warfare platform is the Tirada-2, which entered service in 2019. “Russia has a multitude of systems that can jam GPS receivers within a local area, potentially interfering with the guidance systems of unmanned aerial vehicles, guided missiles and precision guided munitions, but has no known capability to interfere with GPS satellites themselves using radio frequency interference.” “Russia places a high priority on integrating electronic warfare into military operations and has been investing heavily in modernizing this capability,” the Secure World Foundation said in its 2021 Global Counterspace Capabilities report. Reports from the Secure World Foundation and the Center for Strategic and International Studies document Russia’s use of non-kinetic disruptive space capabilities in Ukraine in recent years, including spoofing and jamming as well as cyber attacks.
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